Abstract: With cavitated creosote oil as swelling solvent,the effect of microwave time,power and temperature on the swelling degree of Xigou coal from Xinjiang was studied,and the influence of microwave swelling with the solvent on the direct liquefaction performance of the coal sample and its dynamics analysis was investigated. The swelling degree of the sample was 1. 625 at 55 min,600 W and 344 K. And it was indicated that the process of microwave swelling was a continuous process of expansion-micro-explosion-particles-re-expansion-re-micro-explosion. The estimated pyrolysis kinetic analysis showed that the activation energy of the microwave swelling coal was reduced from 99. 95 kJ / mol to 89. 51 kJ / mol at 623-773 K,and relatively decreased 10. 45% . The results also showed that the conversion rate constant of microwave swelling coal sample increased from 0. 019 39 s-1 to 0. 050 08 s-1 with an increasing rate of 158%relatively. And the rate constants,comparing to raw coal,from coal and pre-asphaltene to oil were increased relatively 170% and 258% respectively. And there was added a new reaction way for microwave swelling coal sample-asphaltene to oil,with the rate constant of 0. 039 33 s-1 . Therefore,the microwave swelling not only reduces the activation energy of the pyrolysis temperature of the coal sample,but also improves the performance of its direct liquefaction.