不同角度预制裂隙条件下双孔爆破裂纹扩展规律

Crack propagation law of two-hole blasting under different angles of prefabricated fissure

  • 摘要: 隧道等地下工程爆破施工中,节理、裂隙等缺陷的存在往往对最终的爆破效果起到至关重要的作用,尤其倾斜缺陷存在时,超欠挖现象十分突出。基于含倾斜缺陷模型裂纹动态扩展的复杂性,采用新型数字激光动焦散线试验系统,在双孔同时起爆条件下,研究不同倾斜角度预制裂隙条件下爆生裂纹的扩展规律。研究结果表明:爆生主裂纹与衍生裂纹分别相向扩展,最终二者非直接相遇,而是以“勾连”形式贯通;裂纹扩展前期,爆生裂纹尖端同时受到压缩波及剪切波的作用,剪切波开始作用时间晚于压缩波,裂纹尖端主要以压缩波产生的拉应力作用而扩展,同一时刻爆生裂纹尖端应力强度因子KI大于KII;裂纹尖端的裂纹扩展速度、应力强度因子及能量释放率等特征量整体呈先增大后减小的趋势。裂纹扩展后期,裂纹尖端主要受爆生气体的准静压作用,特征量呈振荡式变化;在一定范围内,随着预制裂隙倾斜角度的增加,特征量峰值更高,爆生主裂纹和衍生裂纹扩展的时间更长,扩展的距离更远;随着预制裂隙倾斜角度的增大,爆生主裂纹与衍生裂纹尖端之间最终围成的破坏面积更大,爆炸荷载与预制裂隙相互作用更加明显。本试验的研究成果为分析介质存在节理、裂隙等缺陷时,爆破裂纹扩展的物理过程提供了参考。

     

    Abstract: In the blasting operation of underground projects,the existence of joints,fissures and other defects often plays a vital role in the final blasting effect,especially in the case of inclined defects,the phenomenon of over-excava- tion and under-excavation is very prominent. Because of the complexity of crack dynamic propagation in an inclined defect model,a new digital laser experimental system of dynamic caustics was used to study the propagation laws of blast-induced cracks in PMMA material with prefabricated fissure under the condition of simultaneous initiation for the two-hole blasting. The experimental results show that the blast-induced main crack and the blast-induced secondary crack propagate in opposite directions respectively,and the two cracks do not meet directly in the propagation process,but move to the near blast-induced crack surface in the curve way. In the early stage of crack propagation,the crack tip of explosive crack is affected by both compressive wave and shear wave,and the initiation time of the shear wave is lat- er than that of the compressive wave. The crack tip is mainly propagated by the tensile stress produced by the compres- sion wave. The stress intensity factor KI at the crack tip is larger than KII at the same time. The crack propagation ve- locity,stress intensity factor and energy release rate increase first and then decrease. In the later stage of crack propa- gation,the crack tip is mainly subjected to the explosive gas pressure,and the characteristic quantities change in an os- cillatory manner. In a certain range,with the increase of the inclination angle of prefabricated fissure,the peak value of characteristic quantities is higher,the propagation time of main crack and derived crack is longer,and the propagation distance is longer. With the increase of the inclination angle of prefabricated fissure,the ultimate failure area is larger, and the interaction between blasting load and prefabricated fissure is more obvious. The results of this experiment pro- vide a reference for analyzing the physical process of blasting crack propagation especially when there are joints,cracks and other defects.

     

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