伊敏凹陷早白垩世含煤岩系层序地层与聚煤模式

Sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulation of the Lower Cretaceous in Yimin Sag

  • 摘要: 伊敏凹陷是海拉尔盆地群中的一个次级凹陷,为陆相断陷盆地。其下白垩统伊敏组、大磨拐河组是凹陷的主要含煤地层。依据钻孔岩芯资料、测井资料等,对其岩相类型、沉积相、层序-古地理、聚煤特征及聚煤模式进行研究。依据钻孔资料在区内识别出的区域不整合面、河流下切谷冲刷面两种层序界面,将大磨拐河组、伊敏组划分为4个三级层序。运用单因素分析多因素综合作图法,以三级层序为单元,恢复古地理格局。结果表明:伊敏凹陷大磨拐河组成煤环境主要为辫状河三角洲相,从层序I到层序Ⅱ,区内沉积相从以辫状河三角洲—湖泊为主到以湖泊为主,总体反映了水体逐渐变深的演化过程。伊敏组含煤岩系成煤环境主要有扇三角洲平原—辫状河环境等;煤层在层序Ⅲ最为发育,层序Ⅳ煤层厚度逐渐减小,聚煤作用逐渐减弱,反映了凹陷萎缩,水体范围逐渐缩小的演化过程。聚煤作用受控凹构造差异性沉降的影响,煤层在凹陷中部厚度最大,向西北和东南逐渐变薄。通过对层序Ⅲ的煤层进行统计对比分析,讨论了陆相短线盆地泥炭堆积与层序地层的响应机制,改进了陆相泥炭-层序地层响应模型。伊敏凹陷早白垩世最有利的成煤环境位于扇三角洲—辫状河环境中。层序Ⅲ,Ⅳ的煤层埋深较浅,厚度较厚,适合露天开采。而层序Ⅱ煤系地层埋深较深,有巨厚泥岩封盖,是煤层气勘探的潜在区域。

     

    Abstract: Yimin Sag of Hailaer Basin is a continental down faulted coal accumulating basin. Yimin Formation and Damoguaihe Formation are the main coal bearing strata. The lithofacies type,sedimentary facies,sequenc-es-paleogeog- raphy and coal accumulation function features were studied based on the rock coring and drilling information. Accord- ing to two typical interface in the research area of the regional unconformity surface and river incised valley washed surface,the Yimin Formation and Damoguaihe Formation were divided into four third level sequences. A single factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive mapping method was applied to recover the paleogeographic pattern within every third level sequence as an analyzing unit. The study results showed that the paleogeographic unit of the coal meas- ures in Damoguaihe Formation mainly had braided river delta. From Sequence I to II,the paleogeographic unit in the area varied mainly with the braided river delta-lake to mainly with the lake,which informed the evolution process of general shoaling. The paleogeographic unit of the coal measures in Yimin Formation mainly had fan delta and braided river. The coal measures were mainly discovered in Sequence III,and only few coal measures were found in Sequence IV,which informed that the coal accumulation function would be steadily weaken in Yimin period. The coal accumula- tion function was under control by the down faults,the thickness of the seam would steadily reduce from the center of the sag to the South-eastern and the North western of the sag. Based on the statistical comparison and analysis of the seams in sequence III,the response mechanism of peat accumulation and sequence strata in continental basins was dis- cussed,and the response model of continental peat-sequence strata was improved. The most favorable coal forming en- vironment in the Early Cretaceous of Yimin sag was located in the fan delta-braided river environment. The coal seam in sequence III and IV was shallow in depth and thicker in thickness,which was suitable for open cut mining. The stra- tigraphic II coal strata were deeply buried and covered by thick mudstone,which was a potential area for coalbed methane exploration.

     

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