Abstract: The occurrence of coal mine rock burst disasters is closely related to the spatial structure, especially in the complex spatial structure area. It is of great significance to master the law of coal and rock catastrophe and reveal its mechanism in the complex spatial structure area of coal seam mining for the prevention and control of rock burst. Taking the Wudong Coal Mine as the research background, using numerical simulation, micro-seismic monitoring, theoretical analysis and other methods, the abnormal size effect of rock pillar stress is studied, the temporal and spatial evolution law of microseisms in the complex spatial structure area is analyzed, the mechanism of rock burst under the complex spatial structure is revealed, and the impact risk in the different areas of coal mining is evaluated. The research results show that: ① The steeply inclined rock pillar with narrower thickness and higher exposed height has stronger prying effect, and the abnormal stress of rock thickness variation forms five divisions. ② The area with narrower rock pillar thickness has more micro-seismic frequency, higher energy, stronger spatio-temporal activity and higher dispersion. The high stress region, the stress gradient region and the stress plateau region show the micro-seismic response characteristics of “low frequency-high energy”, “high frequency-high energy” and “low frequency-low energy” in turn. ③ The micro-seismic events in special spatial structure area are clustered and the energy level increases, and the temporal and spatial activity and dispersion increase sharply. This feature is more obvious especially at the edge of the structure, the energy accumulation and release rate increases, and the probability and intensity of rock burst are higher. The micro-seismic activity of special spatial structures located in the narrower area of rock pillars is more acute. ④ The narrower the thickness of rock pillar (the greater the height of coal pillar), the faster the growth rate of bending moment and energy in the depth of rock pillar, and the higher the impact risk. According to the strength effect of structural plane, it is inferred that the fault zone has slip and dislocation, and fault zone is the dominant area for energy accumulation and release. It is revealed that the mechanism of rock burst is the joint action of high static load and low critical load. The impact risk in the different areas of coal mining is evaluated based on stress concentration characteristics.