过采空区煤层气井地面抽采关键技术

Key technology of surface extraction for coalbed methane wells crossing goaf

  • 摘要: 为保证煤矿区煤层气资源超前预抽和连续性开发利用,抽采煤矿采空区下伏煤层的煤层气,已成为煤矿区煤与煤层气共采的重要课题之一。以山西晋城寺河矿井为例,分析了3号煤层采空区下伏岩层应力-应变分布规律、采空区下伏岩层裂隙演化规律和下伏煤层渗透率变化情况,根据采空区卸压效果和下伏煤层的煤层气解吸程度,揭示了过采空区煤层气井抽采机理。通过在采空区以上50 m位置对二开技术套管外安装裸眼封隔器和反扣装置,二开固井后,将反扣装置及以上套管进行回收,使三开固井实现全井段有效固井。从3号煤层采空区以上90 m至采空区底板20 m以下的二开钻进过程采用氮气钻进,研发了煤层气地面钻井过采空区成套系统,包括空压机组、制氮机和增压机组,对其机组参数进行了优化。基于以往寺河矿区煤层气井裂缝监测结果,优化压裂施工参数,适当缩小9号和15号煤层规模压裂。按照过采空区井抽采机理和产气特征划分了3种产气类型,分析了其产气规律。研究结果表明,9号煤层和15号煤层都位于采空区下伏底臌变形带内,3号煤层回采后,9号煤层和15号煤层渗透率分别提高了2.70倍和2.65倍,9号煤层渗透率提高到10×10-15 m2左右,卸压效果较好。通过安装裸眼封隔器和反扣装置优化井身结构,过采空区井实现了全井固井,保证了固井质量;二开采用氮气介质穿越采空区,可以保障过采空区钻井的安全高效施工。压裂裂缝监测结果显示,该井15号煤层裂缝总长为290 m,走向为NE150°;9号煤层裂缝总长370 m,走向为NE80°,压裂效果较好。60%的过采空区井一般在1个月内产气,29%的井2~5个月产气,11%的井7个月以上产气。3种过采空区井产气类型分别为:单峰型Ⅰ,即气产量缓慢增加-下降型(以吸附气为主);单峰型Ⅱ,即气产量快速增加-下降型(以游离气为主)和双峰型(游离气+吸附气),不同类型煤层气井产气规律存在明显的差异性;3种类型的过采空区井,一般保持井口套压在0.5 MPa以上,在进入稳定产气阶段后,大部分井套压控制稳定在0.2~0.4 MPa,以保证过采空区井的持续高产。

     

    Abstract: In order to ensure the advanced extraction and continuous development utilization of coalbed methane(CBM) resources in coal mine areas,the extraction of coal reservoir CBM underlying goaf has become one of the important topics for coal and CBM co-mining. Taking Sihe Mine in Jincheng,Shanxi Province as an example,the stressstrain distribution law of the underlying strata in the goaf of No. 3 coal seam,the evolution law of fissures in the underlying strata in the goaf and the change of permeability of the underlying coal seam were analyzed. According to the pressure relief effect of the goaf and the desorption degree of CBM in the underlying coal seam,the extraction mechanism of CBM wells crossing goaf was revealed. Through installing an open hole packer and a reverse buckle device outside 50 m position of the second spud casing above the goaf,the reverse buckle device and the above casing are recovered after the second spud section was cemented,so that the third spud casing realized effective cementing in the whole well section. It was drilled by N2 in the second spud section process from 90 m above the goaf of No. 3 coal seam to 20 m below the floor of the goaf. A complete set of system for surface drilling of CBM crossing goaf was developed,including air compressor unit,nitrogen generator unit and booster unit,the unit parameters were optimized. Based on the fracture monitoring results of CBM wells in Sihe mining area in the past,the fracturing construction parameters were optimized,and the scale of No. 9 and No. 15 coalbed fracturing was appropriately reduced. According to the extraction mechanism and gas production characteristics of wells crossing goaf,three types of gas production were classified an their gas production laws were analyzed. The research results show that No. 9 coal seam and No. 15 coal seam are both located in the deformation zone of floor drum. After mining in the No. 3 mined-out area,the permeability of No. 9 coal seam and No. 15 coal seam increased 2. 70 times and 2. 65 times respectively,and the permeability of No. 9 coal seam increased to about 10×10-15 m2,the pressure relief effect is favorable. The installation of open hole packer and reverse buckle device to optimize the well bore structure,the whole well cementing has been realized and the cementing quality has been improved for the wells crossing goaf;the second spud section passes through the goaf with N2 medium,which can ensure the safe and efficient construction of the wells passing through the goaf. The fracture monitoring results show that the total length of fracture in No. 15 coal seam is 290 m,and the strike is NE150°;the total length of fracture in No. 9 coal seam is 370 m,and the strike is NE80°,the fracture effect is good. 60% of the wells in the goaf generally produce gas in one month,29% in two to five months and 11% in more than seven months. The three types of gas production are as follows:Single peak type I:slow increase-decrease type (mainly adsorbed gas);Single peak type II:gas production rapid increase-decrease type (mainly free gas);Double peaks type (free gas+adsorbed gas).There are obvious differences in gas production law of different types of CBM. There are obvious differences in gas production laws of different types of CBM wells. For the three types of wells crossing goaf,the wellhead casing pressure was generally kept above 0. 5 MPa. After entering the gas production stabilization phase,the casing pressure of most wells was controlled to be stable within the range of 0. 2-0. 4 MPa,so as to ensure the continuous high production of wells crossing goaf.

     

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